feat: Add detailed simulation to Lungs and Brain
Applied the level of detail from the Heart simulation to the Lungs and Brain classes. For the Lungs: - Added anatomical structures for lobes and bronchi. - Implemented a respiratory cycle with inspiration/expiration states. - Simulated tidal volume, airway pressures, and gas exchange. - Generated a capnography (etCO2) waveform. For the Brain: - Added structures for major brain regions. - Simulated intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). - Implemented a simplified Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). - Generated a basic EEG waveform.
This commit is contained in:
google-labs-jules[bot]
+71
-16
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
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#include <random>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <cmath>
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// Helper function for random fluctuations
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// Helper for random fluctuations
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static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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static std::random_device rd;
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static std::mt19937 gen(rd());
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@@ -11,29 +12,83 @@ static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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return d(gen);
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}
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Brain::Brain(int id) : Organ(id, "Brain"), consciousnessLevel(1.0), cerebralBloodFlow(50.0) {}
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Brain::Brain(int id)
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: Organ(id, "Brain"),
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gcsScore(15),
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intracranialPressure_mmHg(10.0),
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cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg(80.0),
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meanArterialPressure_mmHg(90.0), // Placeholder value
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totalTime_s(0.0),
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eegHistorySize(200) {
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// Initialize Brain Regions
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frontalLobe = {"Frontal Lobe", 0.8, 50.0};
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temporalLobe = {"Temporal Lobe", 0.7, 50.0};
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parietalLobe = {"Parietal Lobe", 0.7, 50.0};
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occipitalLobe = {"Occipital Lobe", 0.8, 55.0};
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cerebellum = {"Cerebellum", 0.6, 60.0};
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}
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void Brain::update(double deltaTime_s) {
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const double baseline_consciousness = 1.0;
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const double baseline_cbf = 50.0;
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const double theta = 0.05; // Slower reversion for brain metrics
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const double consciousness_stddev = 0.001;
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const double cbf_stddev = 0.5;
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totalTime_s += deltaTime_s;
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consciousnessLevel += theta * (baseline_consciousness - consciousnessLevel) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(consciousness_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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cerebralBloodFlow += theta * (baseline_cbf - cerebralBloodFlow) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(cbf_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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// In a real scenario, MAP would be provided by the circulatory system (Heart)
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// For now, we'll just keep it stable with minor fluctuations.
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meanArterialPressure_mmHg += getFluctuation(0.1);
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meanArterialPressure_mmHg = std::clamp(meanArterialPressure_mmHg, 85.0, 95.0);
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consciousnessLevel = std::clamp(consciousnessLevel, 0.0, 1.0);
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cerebralBloodFlow = std::clamp(cerebralBloodFlow, 40.0, 60.0);
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updateActivity(deltaTime_s);
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updatePressures(meanArterialPressure_mmHg);
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// Update EEG data
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eegData.push_front(generateEegValue());
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if (eegData.size() > eegHistorySize) {
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eegData.pop_back();
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}
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}
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void Brain::updateActivity(double deltaTime_s) {
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// Simulate minor fluctuations in brain activity
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frontalLobe.activityLevel += getFluctuation(0.005);
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frontalLobe.activityLevel = std::clamp(frontalLobe.activityLevel, 0.7, 0.9);
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// GCS is a clinical score, doesn't typically change second-to-second.
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// This is a placeholder for future, more complex pathology simulation.
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gcsScore = 15;
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}
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void Brain::updatePressures(double meanArterialPressure) {
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// Autoregulation: Brain tries to maintain constant CPP
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// Simplified model: ICP drifts slowly
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intracranialPressure_mmHg += getFluctuation(0.01);
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intracranialPressure_mmHg = std::clamp(intracranialPressure_mmHg, 8.0, 12.0);
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cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg = meanArterialPressure - intracranialPressure_mmHg;
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cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg = std::max(0.0, cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg);
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}
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double Brain::generateEegValue() {
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// Super simplified EEG: combination of a few sine waves (alpha, beta)
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double alpha_wave = 0.5 * sin(2 * M_PI * 10 * totalTime_s); // 10 Hz
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double beta_wave = 0.3 * sin(2 * M_PI * 20 * totalTime_s); // 20 Hz
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double noise = getFluctuation(0.1);
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return (alpha_wave + beta_wave + noise) * 20; // Scaled to microvolts
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}
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std::string Brain::getSummary() const {
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std::stringstream ss;
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ss << "Type: " << organType << " (ID: " << organId << ")\n"
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<< " Consciousness Level: " << consciousnessLevel * 100 << "%\n"
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<< " Cerebral Blood Flow: " << cerebralBloodFlow << " ml/100g/min";
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ss.precision(1);
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ss << std::fixed;
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ss << "--- Brain Summary ---\n"
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<< "Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): " << getGCS() << "\n"
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<< "Intracranial Pressure (ICP): " << getIntracranialPressure() << " mmHg\n"
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<< "Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP): " << meanArterialPressure_mmHg << " mmHg\n"
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<< "Cerebral Perfusion (CPP): " << getCerebralPerfusionPressure() << " mmHg\n";
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return ss.str();
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}
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double Brain::getConsciousnessLevel() const { return consciousnessLevel; }
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double Brain::getCerebralBloodFlow() const { return cerebralBloodFlow; }
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// --- Getters Implementation ---
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int Brain::getGCS() const { return gcsScore; }
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double Brain::getIntracranialPressure() const { return intracranialPressure_mmHg; }
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double Brain::getCerebralPerfusionPressure() const { return cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg; }
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const std::deque<double>& Brain::getEegWaveform() const { return eegData; }
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+120
-13
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
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#include <random>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <cmath>
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#include <numeric>
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// Helper function for random fluctuations
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// Helper for random fluctuations
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static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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static std::random_device rd;
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static std::mt19937 gen(rd());
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@@ -11,29 +13,134 @@ static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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return d(gen);
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}
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Lungs::Lungs(int id) : Organ(id, "Lungs"), respirationRate(16.0), oxygenSaturation(98.0) {}
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Lungs::Lungs(int id)
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: Organ(id, "Lungs"),
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respirationRate(16.0),
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oxygenSaturation(98.0),
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tidalVolume_mL(500.0),
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endTidalCO2_mmHg(40.0),
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peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O(0.0),
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totalLungCapacity_mL(6000.0),
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currentState(RespiratoryState::PAUSE),
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cyclePosition_s(0.0),
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totalTime_s(0.0),
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capnographyHistorySize(200) {
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// Initialize Lobes
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rightUpperLobe = {"Right Upper Lobe", 0, 0.1};
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rightMiddleLobe = {"Right Middle Lobe", 0, 0.07};
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rightLowerLobe = {"Right Lower Lobe", 0, 0.13};
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leftUpperLobe = {"Left Upper Lobe", 0, 0.1};
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leftLowerLobe = {"Left Lower Lobe", 0, 0.1};
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// Initialize Bronchi
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mainBronchus = {"Main Bronchus", 0.8};
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}
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void Lungs::update(double deltaTime_s) {
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const double baseline_rr = 16.0;
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const double baseline_spo2 = 98.0;
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const double theta = 0.1; // Mean reversion speed
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const double rr_stddev = 0.05;
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const double spo2_stddev = 0.02;
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totalTime_s += deltaTime_s;
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respirationRate += theta * (baseline_rr - respirationRate) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(rr_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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oxygenSaturation += theta * (baseline_spo2 - oxygenSaturation) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(spo2_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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updateRespiratoryMechanics(deltaTime_s);
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updateGasLevels(deltaTime_s);
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// Update capnography data
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capnographyData.push_front(generateCapnographyValue());
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if (capnographyData.size() > capnographyHistorySize) {
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capnographyData.pop_back();
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}
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}
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void Lungs::updateRespiratoryMechanics(double deltaTime_s) {
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double cycleDuration_s = 60.0 / respirationRate;
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cyclePosition_s += deltaTime_s;
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// State transitions
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double inspirationDuration = cycleDuration_s * 0.4; // I:E ratio of 1:1.5
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double expirationDuration = cycleDuration_s * 0.6;
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if (cyclePosition_s <= inspirationDuration) {
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currentState = RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION;
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} else if (cyclePosition_s <= cycleDuration_s) {
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currentState = RespiratoryState::EXPIRATION;
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} else {
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cyclePosition_s -= cycleDuration_s;
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currentState = RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION;
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}
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// Pressure and Volume dynamics
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double flowRate_mL_s = 0;
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if (currentState == RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION) {
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// Simple sine wave for pressure generation
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double pressure_wave = sin(M_PI * (cyclePosition_s / inspirationDuration));
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peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O = 15.0 * pressure_wave; // 15 cmH2O peak
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flowRate_mL_s = (peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O / mainBronchus.resistance) * 100;
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tidalVolume_mL += flowRate_mL_s * deltaTime_s;
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} else { // EXPIRATION
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peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O = 0;
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// Passive recoil drives expiration
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double recoilPressure = (tidalVolume_mL / 500.0) * 5.0; // Simplified
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flowRate_mL_s = -(recoilPressure / mainBronchus.resistance) * 100;
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tidalVolume_mL += flowRate_mL_s * deltaTime_s;
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}
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// Clamp tidal volume
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tidalVolume_mL = std::clamp(tidalVolume_mL, 0.0, totalLungCapacity_mL / 2.0);
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}
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void Lungs::updateGasLevels(double deltaTime_s) {
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// Fluctuate base vitals slightly
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respirationRate += getFluctuation(0.01);
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respirationRate = std::clamp(respirationRate, 12.0, 20.0);
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oxygenSaturation = std::clamp(oxygenSaturation, 96.0, 100.0);
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// SpO2 is affected by how well we are breathing
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double ventilationFactor = (tidalVolume_mL / 500.0) * (respirationRate / 16.0);
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double targetSpo2 = 98.0 * std::clamp(ventilationFactor, 0.9, 1.0);
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oxygenSaturation += 0.1 * (targetSpo2 - oxygenSaturation) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(0.02);
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oxygenSaturation = std::clamp(oxygenSaturation, 94.0, 100.0);
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// etCO2 is inversely related to ventilation
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double targetEtCO2 = 40.0 / std::clamp(ventilationFactor, 0.8, 1.2);
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endTidalCO2_mmHg += 0.2 * (targetEtCO2 - endTidalCO2_mmHg) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(0.05);
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endTidalCO2_mmHg = std::clamp(endTidalCO2_mmHg, 35.0, 50.0);
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}
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double Lungs::generateCapnographyValue() {
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double cycleDuration_s = 60.0 / respirationRate;
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double timeInCycle = fmod(cyclePosition_s, cycleDuration_s);
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double inspirationEnd = cycleDuration_s * 0.4;
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double plateauStart = cycleDuration_s * 0.5;
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double plateauEnd = cycleDuration_s * 0.8;
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if (currentState == RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION) {
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return 0.0; // Phase I: Inspiratory baseline
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} else { // EXPIRATION
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if (timeInCycle < plateauStart) { // Phase II: Expiratory upstroke
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return endTidalCO2_mmHg * ((timeInCycle - inspirationEnd) / (plateauStart - inspirationEnd));
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} else if (timeInCycle < plateauEnd) { // Phase III: Alveolar plateau
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return endTidalCO2_mmHg + getFluctuation(0.1);
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} else { // Phase IV: Inspiratory downstroke (handled by next cycle's baseline)
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return endTidalCO2_mmHg * (1.0 - (timeInCycle - plateauEnd) / (cycleDuration_s - plateauEnd));
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}
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}
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}
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std::string Lungs::getSummary() const {
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std::stringstream ss;
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ss << "Type: " << organType << " (ID: " << organId << ")\n"
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<< " Respiration Rate: " << respirationRate << " breaths/min\n"
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<< " Oxygen Saturation: " << oxygenSaturation << " %";
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ss.precision(1);
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ss << std::fixed;
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ss << "--- Lungs Summary ---\n"
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<< "Respiration Rate: " << getRespirationRate() << " breaths/min\n"
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<< "Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): " << getOxygenSaturation() << " %\n"
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<< "Tidal Volume: " << getTidalVolume() << " mL\n"
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<< "End-Tidal CO2 (etCO2): " << getEndTidalCO2() << " mmHg\n"
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<< "Peak Airway Pressure: " << getPeakInspiratoryPressure() << " cmH2O\n";
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return ss.str();
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}
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// --- Getters Implementation ---
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double Lungs::getRespirationRate() const { return respirationRate; }
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double Lungs::getOxygenSaturation() const { return oxygenSaturation; }
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double Lungs::getTidalVolume() const { return tidalVolume_mL; }
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double Lungs::getEndTidalCO2() const { return endTidalCO2_mmHg; }
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double Lungs::getPeakInspiratoryPressure() const { return peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O; }
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const std::deque<double>& Lungs::getCapnographyWaveform() const { return capnographyData; }
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