feat: Add detailed simulation to Lungs and Brain
Applied the level of detail from the Heart simulation to the Lungs and Brain classes. For the Lungs: - Added anatomical structures for lobes and bronchi. - Implemented a respiratory cycle with inspiration/expiration states. - Simulated tidal volume, airway pressures, and gas exchange. - Generated a capnography (etCO2) waveform. For the Brain: - Added structures for major brain regions. - Simulated intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). - Implemented a simplified Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). - Generated a basic EEG waveform.
This commit is contained in:
google-labs-jules[bot]
@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
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#pragma once
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#include "Organ.h"
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#include <vector>
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#include <string>
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#include <deque>
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#include <map>
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/**
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* @brief Represents the Brain organ.
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* @brief Represents a specific region of the brain.
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*/
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struct BrainRegion {
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std::string name;
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double activityLevel; // 0.0 to 1.0
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double bloodFlow_ml_100g_min;
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};
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/**
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* @brief Represents the Brain organ with a more detailed physiological model.
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*/
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class MEDICAL_LIB_API Brain : public Organ {
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public:
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@@ -14,7 +27,7 @@ public:
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Brain(int id);
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/**
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* @brief Updates the brain's state over time.
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* @brief Updates the brain's state over a time interval.
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* @param deltaTime_s The time elapsed in seconds.
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*/
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void update(double deltaTime_s) override;
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@@ -25,11 +38,43 @@ public:
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*/
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std::string getSummary() const override;
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// Specific getters for Brain properties
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double getConsciousnessLevel() const; // A simplified scale, e.g., 0.0 to 1.0
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double getCerebralBloodFlow() const; // in ml/100g/min
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// --- Getters for Key Neurological Vitals ---
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/** @brief Gets the Glasgow Coma Scale score (simplified). */
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int getGCS() const;
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/** @brief Gets the intracranial pressure in mmHg. */
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double getIntracranialPressure() const;
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/** @brief Gets the cerebral perfusion pressure in mmHg. */
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double getCerebralPerfusionPressure() const;
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/** @brief Gets the data for a simplified EEG waveform. */
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const std::deque<double>& getEegWaveform() const;
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private:
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double consciousnessLevel;
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double cerebralBloodFlow;
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// --- Private Helper Methods ---
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void updateActivity(double deltaTime_s);
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void updatePressures(double meanArterialPressure);
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double generateEegValue();
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// --- Physiological Parameters ---
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int gcsScore; ///< Glasgow Coma Scale (3-15)
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double intracranialPressure_mmHg; ///< ICP
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double cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg; ///< CPP
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double meanArterialPressure_mmHg; ///< MAP (placeholder, needs to be linked to Heart)
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// --- Simulation State ---
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double totalTime_s;
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// --- Anatomical Components ---
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BrainRegion frontalLobe;
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BrainRegion temporalLobe;
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BrainRegion parietalLobe;
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BrainRegion occipitalLobe;
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BrainRegion cerebellum;
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// --- Waveform Data ---
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std::deque<double> eegData;
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size_t eegHistorySize;
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};
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@@ -1,9 +1,38 @@
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#pragma once
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#include "Organ.h"
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#include <vector>
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#include <string>
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#include <deque>
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/**
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* @brief Represents the Lungs organ.
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* @brief Enum for the current state of the respiratory cycle.
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*/
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enum class RespiratoryState {
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INSPIRATION,
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EXPIRATION,
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PAUSE
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};
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/**
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* @brief Represents a single lobe of the lung.
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*/
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struct Lobe {
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std::string name;
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double volume_mL;
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double compliance; // How easily it inflates
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};
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/**
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* @brief Represents a major airway.
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*/
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struct Bronchus {
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std::string name;
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double resistance; // Airflow resistance
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};
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/**
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* @brief Represents the Lungs organ with a more detailed physiological model.
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*/
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class MEDICAL_LIB_API Lungs : public Organ {
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public:
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@@ -14,7 +43,7 @@ public:
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Lungs(int id);
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/**
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* @brief Updates the lungs' state over time.
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* @brief Updates the lungs' state over a time interval.
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* @param deltaTime_s The time elapsed in seconds.
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*/
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void update(double deltaTime_s) override;
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@@ -25,11 +54,54 @@ public:
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*/
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std::string getSummary() const override;
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// Specific getters for Lungs properties
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// --- Getters for Key Respiratory Vitals ---
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/** @brief Gets the current respiration rate in breaths per minute. */
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double getRespirationRate() const;
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/** @brief Gets the current oxygen saturation (SpO2) as a percentage. */
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double getOxygenSaturation() const;
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/** @brief Gets the volume of air in a normal breath (tidal volume) in mL. */
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double getTidalVolume() const;
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/** @brief Gets the end-tidal CO2 (etCO2) value in mmHg. */
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double getEndTidalCO2() const;
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/** @brief Gets the peak airway pressure during inspiration in cmH2O. */
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double getPeakInspiratoryPressure() const;
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/** @brief Gets the data for the capnography waveform (etCO2 over time). */
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const std::deque<double>& getCapnographyWaveform() const;
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private:
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double respirationRate;
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double oxygenSaturation;
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// --- Private Helper Methods ---
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void updateRespiratoryMechanics(double deltaTime_s);
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void updateGasLevels(double deltaTime_s);
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double generateCapnographyValue();
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// --- Physiological Parameters ---
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double respirationRate; ///< Breaths per minute
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double oxygenSaturation; ///< SpO2 percentage
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double tidalVolume_mL; ///< Volume of air per breath
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double endTidalCO2_mmHg; ///< End-tidal CO2
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double peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O; ///< Peak airway pressure
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double totalLungCapacity_mL; ///< Total lung capacity
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// --- Simulation State ---
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RespiratoryState currentState;
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double cyclePosition_s; ///< Current position in the respiratory cycle (seconds)
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double totalTime_s; ///< Total simulation time
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// --- Anatomical Components ---
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Lobe rightUpperLobe;
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Lobe rightMiddleLobe;
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Lobe rightLowerLobe;
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Lobe leftUpperLobe;
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Lobe leftLowerLobe;
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Bronchus mainBronchus;
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// --- Waveform Data ---
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std::deque<double> capnographyData;
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size_t capnographyHistorySize;
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};
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+71
-16
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
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#include <random>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <cmath>
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// Helper function for random fluctuations
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// Helper for random fluctuations
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static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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static std::random_device rd;
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static std::mt19937 gen(rd());
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@@ -11,29 +12,83 @@ static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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return d(gen);
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}
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Brain::Brain(int id) : Organ(id, "Brain"), consciousnessLevel(1.0), cerebralBloodFlow(50.0) {}
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Brain::Brain(int id)
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: Organ(id, "Brain"),
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gcsScore(15),
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intracranialPressure_mmHg(10.0),
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cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg(80.0),
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meanArterialPressure_mmHg(90.0), // Placeholder value
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totalTime_s(0.0),
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eegHistorySize(200) {
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// Initialize Brain Regions
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frontalLobe = {"Frontal Lobe", 0.8, 50.0};
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temporalLobe = {"Temporal Lobe", 0.7, 50.0};
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parietalLobe = {"Parietal Lobe", 0.7, 50.0};
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occipitalLobe = {"Occipital Lobe", 0.8, 55.0};
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cerebellum = {"Cerebellum", 0.6, 60.0};
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}
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void Brain::update(double deltaTime_s) {
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const double baseline_consciousness = 1.0;
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const double baseline_cbf = 50.0;
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const double theta = 0.05; // Slower reversion for brain metrics
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const double consciousness_stddev = 0.001;
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const double cbf_stddev = 0.5;
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totalTime_s += deltaTime_s;
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consciousnessLevel += theta * (baseline_consciousness - consciousnessLevel) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(consciousness_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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cerebralBloodFlow += theta * (baseline_cbf - cerebralBloodFlow) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(cbf_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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// In a real scenario, MAP would be provided by the circulatory system (Heart)
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// For now, we'll just keep it stable with minor fluctuations.
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meanArterialPressure_mmHg += getFluctuation(0.1);
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meanArterialPressure_mmHg = std::clamp(meanArterialPressure_mmHg, 85.0, 95.0);
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consciousnessLevel = std::clamp(consciousnessLevel, 0.0, 1.0);
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cerebralBloodFlow = std::clamp(cerebralBloodFlow, 40.0, 60.0);
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updateActivity(deltaTime_s);
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updatePressures(meanArterialPressure_mmHg);
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// Update EEG data
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eegData.push_front(generateEegValue());
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if (eegData.size() > eegHistorySize) {
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eegData.pop_back();
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}
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}
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void Brain::updateActivity(double deltaTime_s) {
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// Simulate minor fluctuations in brain activity
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frontalLobe.activityLevel += getFluctuation(0.005);
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frontalLobe.activityLevel = std::clamp(frontalLobe.activityLevel, 0.7, 0.9);
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// GCS is a clinical score, doesn't typically change second-to-second.
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// This is a placeholder for future, more complex pathology simulation.
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gcsScore = 15;
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}
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void Brain::updatePressures(double meanArterialPressure) {
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// Autoregulation: Brain tries to maintain constant CPP
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// Simplified model: ICP drifts slowly
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intracranialPressure_mmHg += getFluctuation(0.01);
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intracranialPressure_mmHg = std::clamp(intracranialPressure_mmHg, 8.0, 12.0);
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cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg = meanArterialPressure - intracranialPressure_mmHg;
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cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg = std::max(0.0, cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg);
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}
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double Brain::generateEegValue() {
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// Super simplified EEG: combination of a few sine waves (alpha, beta)
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double alpha_wave = 0.5 * sin(2 * M_PI * 10 * totalTime_s); // 10 Hz
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double beta_wave = 0.3 * sin(2 * M_PI * 20 * totalTime_s); // 20 Hz
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double noise = getFluctuation(0.1);
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return (alpha_wave + beta_wave + noise) * 20; // Scaled to microvolts
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}
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std::string Brain::getSummary() const {
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std::stringstream ss;
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ss << "Type: " << organType << " (ID: " << organId << ")\n"
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<< " Consciousness Level: " << consciousnessLevel * 100 << "%\n"
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<< " Cerebral Blood Flow: " << cerebralBloodFlow << " ml/100g/min";
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ss.precision(1);
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ss << std::fixed;
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ss << "--- Brain Summary ---\n"
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<< "Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): " << getGCS() << "\n"
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<< "Intracranial Pressure (ICP): " << getIntracranialPressure() << " mmHg\n"
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<< "Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP): " << meanArterialPressure_mmHg << " mmHg\n"
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<< "Cerebral Perfusion (CPP): " << getCerebralPerfusionPressure() << " mmHg\n";
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return ss.str();
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}
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double Brain::getConsciousnessLevel() const { return consciousnessLevel; }
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double Brain::getCerebralBloodFlow() const { return cerebralBloodFlow; }
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// --- Getters Implementation ---
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int Brain::getGCS() const { return gcsScore; }
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double Brain::getIntracranialPressure() const { return intracranialPressure_mmHg; }
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double Brain::getCerebralPerfusionPressure() const { return cerebralPerfusionPressure_mmHg; }
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const std::deque<double>& Brain::getEegWaveform() const { return eegData; }
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+120
-13
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
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#include <random>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <cmath>
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#include <numeric>
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// Helper function for random fluctuations
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// Helper for random fluctuations
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static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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static std::random_device rd;
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static std::mt19937 gen(rd());
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@@ -11,29 +13,134 @@ static double getFluctuation(double stddev) {
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return d(gen);
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}
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Lungs::Lungs(int id) : Organ(id, "Lungs"), respirationRate(16.0), oxygenSaturation(98.0) {}
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Lungs::Lungs(int id)
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: Organ(id, "Lungs"),
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respirationRate(16.0),
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oxygenSaturation(98.0),
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tidalVolume_mL(500.0),
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endTidalCO2_mmHg(40.0),
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peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O(0.0),
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totalLungCapacity_mL(6000.0),
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currentState(RespiratoryState::PAUSE),
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cyclePosition_s(0.0),
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totalTime_s(0.0),
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capnographyHistorySize(200) {
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// Initialize Lobes
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rightUpperLobe = {"Right Upper Lobe", 0, 0.1};
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rightMiddleLobe = {"Right Middle Lobe", 0, 0.07};
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rightLowerLobe = {"Right Lower Lobe", 0, 0.13};
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leftUpperLobe = {"Left Upper Lobe", 0, 0.1};
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leftLowerLobe = {"Left Lower Lobe", 0, 0.1};
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// Initialize Bronchi
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mainBronchus = {"Main Bronchus", 0.8};
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}
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void Lungs::update(double deltaTime_s) {
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const double baseline_rr = 16.0;
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const double baseline_spo2 = 98.0;
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const double theta = 0.1; // Mean reversion speed
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const double rr_stddev = 0.05;
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const double spo2_stddev = 0.02;
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totalTime_s += deltaTime_s;
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respirationRate += theta * (baseline_rr - respirationRate) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(rr_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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oxygenSaturation += theta * (baseline_spo2 - oxygenSaturation) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(spo2_stddev * deltaTime_s);
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updateRespiratoryMechanics(deltaTime_s);
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updateGasLevels(deltaTime_s);
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// Update capnography data
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capnographyData.push_front(generateCapnographyValue());
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if (capnographyData.size() > capnographyHistorySize) {
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capnographyData.pop_back();
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}
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}
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void Lungs::updateRespiratoryMechanics(double deltaTime_s) {
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double cycleDuration_s = 60.0 / respirationRate;
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cyclePosition_s += deltaTime_s;
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// State transitions
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double inspirationDuration = cycleDuration_s * 0.4; // I:E ratio of 1:1.5
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double expirationDuration = cycleDuration_s * 0.6;
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if (cyclePosition_s <= inspirationDuration) {
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currentState = RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION;
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} else if (cyclePosition_s <= cycleDuration_s) {
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currentState = RespiratoryState::EXPIRATION;
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} else {
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cyclePosition_s -= cycleDuration_s;
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currentState = RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION;
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}
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// Pressure and Volume dynamics
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double flowRate_mL_s = 0;
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if (currentState == RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION) {
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// Simple sine wave for pressure generation
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double pressure_wave = sin(M_PI * (cyclePosition_s / inspirationDuration));
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peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O = 15.0 * pressure_wave; // 15 cmH2O peak
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flowRate_mL_s = (peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O / mainBronchus.resistance) * 100;
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tidalVolume_mL += flowRate_mL_s * deltaTime_s;
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} else { // EXPIRATION
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peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O = 0;
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// Passive recoil drives expiration
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double recoilPressure = (tidalVolume_mL / 500.0) * 5.0; // Simplified
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flowRate_mL_s = -(recoilPressure / mainBronchus.resistance) * 100;
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tidalVolume_mL += flowRate_mL_s * deltaTime_s;
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}
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// Clamp tidal volume
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tidalVolume_mL = std::clamp(tidalVolume_mL, 0.0, totalLungCapacity_mL / 2.0);
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}
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void Lungs::updateGasLevels(double deltaTime_s) {
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// Fluctuate base vitals slightly
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respirationRate += getFluctuation(0.01);
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respirationRate = std::clamp(respirationRate, 12.0, 20.0);
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oxygenSaturation = std::clamp(oxygenSaturation, 96.0, 100.0);
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// SpO2 is affected by how well we are breathing
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double ventilationFactor = (tidalVolume_mL / 500.0) * (respirationRate / 16.0);
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double targetSpo2 = 98.0 * std::clamp(ventilationFactor, 0.9, 1.0);
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oxygenSaturation += 0.1 * (targetSpo2 - oxygenSaturation) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(0.02);
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oxygenSaturation = std::clamp(oxygenSaturation, 94.0, 100.0);
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// etCO2 is inversely related to ventilation
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double targetEtCO2 = 40.0 / std::clamp(ventilationFactor, 0.8, 1.2);
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endTidalCO2_mmHg += 0.2 * (targetEtCO2 - endTidalCO2_mmHg) * deltaTime_s + getFluctuation(0.05);
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endTidalCO2_mmHg = std::clamp(endTidalCO2_mmHg, 35.0, 50.0);
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}
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double Lungs::generateCapnographyValue() {
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double cycleDuration_s = 60.0 / respirationRate;
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double timeInCycle = fmod(cyclePosition_s, cycleDuration_s);
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double inspirationEnd = cycleDuration_s * 0.4;
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double plateauStart = cycleDuration_s * 0.5;
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double plateauEnd = cycleDuration_s * 0.8;
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if (currentState == RespiratoryState::INSPIRATION) {
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return 0.0; // Phase I: Inspiratory baseline
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} else { // EXPIRATION
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if (timeInCycle < plateauStart) { // Phase II: Expiratory upstroke
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return endTidalCO2_mmHg * ((timeInCycle - inspirationEnd) / (plateauStart - inspirationEnd));
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} else if (timeInCycle < plateauEnd) { // Phase III: Alveolar plateau
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return endTidalCO2_mmHg + getFluctuation(0.1);
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} else { // Phase IV: Inspiratory downstroke (handled by next cycle's baseline)
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return endTidalCO2_mmHg * (1.0 - (timeInCycle - plateauEnd) / (cycleDuration_s - plateauEnd));
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}
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}
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}
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|
||||
std::string Lungs::getSummary() const {
|
||||
std::stringstream ss;
|
||||
ss << "Type: " << organType << " (ID: " << organId << ")\n"
|
||||
<< " Respiration Rate: " << respirationRate << " breaths/min\n"
|
||||
<< " Oxygen Saturation: " << oxygenSaturation << " %";
|
||||
ss.precision(1);
|
||||
ss << std::fixed;
|
||||
ss << "--- Lungs Summary ---\n"
|
||||
<< "Respiration Rate: " << getRespirationRate() << " breaths/min\n"
|
||||
<< "Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): " << getOxygenSaturation() << " %\n"
|
||||
<< "Tidal Volume: " << getTidalVolume() << " mL\n"
|
||||
<< "End-Tidal CO2 (etCO2): " << getEndTidalCO2() << " mmHg\n"
|
||||
<< "Peak Airway Pressure: " << getPeakInspiratoryPressure() << " cmH2O\n";
|
||||
return ss.str();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// --- Getters Implementation ---
|
||||
double Lungs::getRespirationRate() const { return respirationRate; }
|
||||
double Lungs::getOxygenSaturation() const { return oxygenSaturation; }
|
||||
double Lungs::getTidalVolume() const { return tidalVolume_mL; }
|
||||
double Lungs::getEndTidalCO2() const { return endTidalCO2_mmHg; }
|
||||
double Lungs::getPeakInspiratoryPressure() const { return peakInspiratoryPressure_cmH2O; }
|
||||
const std::deque<double>& Lungs::getCapnographyWaveform() const { return capnographyData; }
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user