diff --git a/src/proxy/aws.ts b/src/proxy/aws.ts
index 0dedaca..5c92aab 100644
--- a/src/proxy/aws.ts
+++ b/src/proxy/aws.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { createProxyMiddleware } from "http-proxy-middleware";
 import { v4 } from "uuid";
 import { config } from "../config";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
+import { keyPool } from "../shared/key-management";
 import { createQueueMiddleware } from "./queue";
 import { ipLimiter } from "./rate-limit";
 import { handleProxyError } from "./middleware/common";
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ const awsProxy = createQueueMiddleware(
     on: {
       proxyReq: createOnProxyReqHandler({
         pipeline: [
+          (_, req) => keyPool.throttle(req.key!),
           applyQuotaLimits,
           // Credentials are added by signAwsRequest preprocessor
           languageFilter,
diff --git a/src/proxy/middleware/request/add-key.ts b/src/proxy/middleware/request/add-key.ts
index 507c292..0b4a441 100644
--- a/src/proxy/middleware/request/add-key.ts
+++ b/src/proxy/middleware/request/add-key.ts
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ export const addKey: ProxyRequestMiddleware = (proxyReq, req) => {
     }
   }
 
+  keyPool.throttle(assignedKey);
   req.key = assignedKey;
   req.log.info(
     {
diff --git a/src/proxy/middleware/response/handle-streamed-response.ts b/src/proxy/middleware/response/handle-streamed-response.ts
index b07c86b..51175aa 100644
--- a/src/proxy/middleware/response/handle-streamed-response.ts
+++ b/src/proxy/middleware/response/handle-streamed-response.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { promisify } from "util";
 import {
   buildFakeSse,
   copySseResponseHeaders,
-  initializeSseStream
+  initializeSseStream,
 } from "../../../shared/streaming";
 import { enqueue } from "../../queue";
 import { decodeResponseBody, RawResponseBodyHandler, RetryableError } from ".";
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export const handleStreamedResponse: RawResponseBodyHandler = async (
     return aggregator.getFinalResponse();
   } catch (err) {
     if (err instanceof RetryableError) {
-      keyPool.markRateLimited(req.key!)
+      keyPool.markRateLimited(req.key!);
       req.log.warn(
         { key: req.key!.hash, retryCount: req.retryCount },
         `Re-enqueueing request due to retryable error during streaming response.`
diff --git a/src/shared/key-management/anthropic/provider.ts b/src/shared/key-management/anthropic/provider.ts
index 0f5b30a..9b7fab9 100644
--- a/src/shared/key-management/anthropic/provider.ts
+++ b/src/shared/key-management/anthropic/provider.ts
@@ -153,11 +153,6 @@ export class AnthropicKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<AnthropicKey> {
 
     const selectedKey = keysByPriority[0];
     selectedKey.lastUsed = now;
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedAt = now;
-    // Intended to throttle the queue processor as otherwise it will just
-    // flood the API with requests and we want to wait a sec to see if we're
-    // going to get a rate limit error on this key.
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedUntil = now + KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
     return { ...selectedKey };
   }
 
@@ -226,4 +221,11 @@ export class AnthropicKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<AnthropicKey> {
     });
     this.checker?.scheduleNextCheck();
   }
+
+  public throttle(hash: string) {
+    const key = this.keys.find((k) => k.hash === hash)!;
+    const now = Date.now();
+    key.rateLimitedAt = now;
+    key.rateLimitedUntil = now + KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/key-management/aws/provider.ts b/src/shared/key-management/aws/provider.ts
index a4136cd..17b97d7 100644
--- a/src/shared/key-management/aws/provider.ts
+++ b/src/shared/key-management/aws/provider.ts
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ export interface AwsBedrockKey extends Key, AwsBedrockKeyUsage {
  * Upon being rate limited, a key will be locked out for this many milliseconds
  * while we wait for other concurrent requests to finish.
  */
-const RATE_LIMIT_LOCKOUT = 1000;
+const RATE_LIMIT_LOCKOUT = 4000;
 /**
  * Upon assigning a key, we will wait this many milliseconds before allowing it
  * to be used again. This is to prevent the queue from flooding a key with too
  * many requests while we wait to learn whether previous ones succeeded.
  */
-const KEY_REUSE_DELAY = 500;
+const KEY_REUSE_DELAY = 250;
 
 export class AwsBedrockKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<AwsBedrockKey> {
   readonly service = "aws";
@@ -131,11 +131,6 @@ export class AwsBedrockKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<AwsBedrockKey> {
 
     const selectedKey = keysByPriority[0];
     selectedKey.lastUsed = now;
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedAt = now;
-    // Intended to throttle the queue processor as otherwise it will just
-    // flood the API with requests and we want to wait a sec to see if we're
-    // going to get a rate limit error on this key.
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedUntil = now + KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
     return { ...selectedKey };
   }
 
@@ -199,4 +194,11 @@ export class AwsBedrockKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<AwsBedrockKey> {
       this.update(hash, { lastChecked: 0, isDisabled: false })
     );
   }
+
+  public throttle(hash: string) {
+    const key = this.keys.find((k) => k.hash === hash)!;
+    const now = Date.now();
+    key.rateLimitedAt = now;
+    key.rateLimitedUntil = now + KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/key-management/index.ts b/src/shared/key-management/index.ts
index 78459d3..edd1c63 100644
--- a/src/shared/key-management/index.ts
+++ b/src/shared/key-management/index.ts
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ export interface KeyProvider<T extends Key = Key> {
   getLockoutPeriod(model: Model): number;
   markRateLimited(hash: string): void;
   recheck(): void;
+  throttle(hash: string): void;
 }
 
 export const keyPool = new KeyPool();
@@ -80,4 +81,4 @@ export {
 export { AnthropicKey } from "./anthropic/provider";
 export { OpenAIKey } from "./openai/provider";
 export { GooglePalmKey } from "./palm/provider";
-export { AwsBedrockKey } from "./aws/provider";
\ No newline at end of file
+export { AwsBedrockKey } from "./aws/provider";
diff --git a/src/shared/key-management/key-pool.ts b/src/shared/key-management/key-pool.ts
index 07a7b4c..8ba4adf 100644
--- a/src/shared/key-management/key-pool.ts
+++ b/src/shared/key-management/key-pool.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ export class KeyPool {
     }, 0);
   }
 
+  public throttle(key: Key) {
+    const provider = this.getKeyProvider(key.service);
+    provider.throttle(key.hash);
+  }
+
   public incrementUsage(key: Key, model: string, tokens: number): void {
     const provider = this.getKeyProvider(key.service);
     provider.incrementUsage(key.hash, model, tokens);
diff --git a/src/shared/key-management/openai/provider.ts b/src/shared/key-management/openai/provider.ts
index 364648f..8b230a9 100644
--- a/src/shared/key-management/openai/provider.ts
+++ b/src/shared/key-management/openai/provider.ts
@@ -221,15 +221,6 @@ export class OpenAIKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<OpenAIKey> {
 
     const selectedKey = keysByPriority[0];
     selectedKey.lastUsed = now;
-
-    // When a key is selected, we rate-limit it for a brief period of time to
-    // prevent the queue processor from immediately flooding it with requests
-    // while the initial request is still being processed (which is when we will
-    // get new rate limit headers).
-    // Instead, we will let a request through every second until the key
-    // becomes fully saturated and locked out again.
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedAt = now;
-    selectedKey.rateLimitRequestsReset = KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
     return { ...selectedKey };
   }
 
@@ -383,20 +374,16 @@ export class OpenAIKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<OpenAIKey> {
     this.checker?.scheduleNextCheck();
   }
 
-  /** Writes key status to disk. */
-  // public writeKeyStatus() {
-  //   const keys = this.keys.map((key) => ({
-  //     key: key.key,
-  //     isGpt4: key.isGpt4,
-  //     usage: key.usage,
-  //     hardLimit: key.hardLimit,
-  //     isDisabled: key.isDisabled,
-  //   }));
-  //   fs.writeFileSync(
-  //     path.join(__dirname, "..", "keys.json"),
-  //     JSON.stringify(keys, null, 2)
-  //   );
-  // }
+  /**
+   * Called when a key is selected for a request, briefly disabling it to
+   * avoid spamming the API with requests while we wait to learn whether this
+   * key is already rate limited.
+   */
+  public throttle(hash: string) {
+    const key = this.keys.find((k) => k.hash === hash)!;
+    key.rateLimitedAt = Date.now();
+    key.rateLimitRequestsReset = KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
+  }
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/shared/key-management/palm/provider.ts b/src/shared/key-management/palm/provider.ts
index ce8c8a7..0e80e7d 100644
--- a/src/shared/key-management/palm/provider.ts
+++ b/src/shared/key-management/palm/provider.ts
@@ -122,11 +122,6 @@ export class GooglePalmKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<GooglePalmKey> {
 
     const selectedKey = keysByPriority[0];
     selectedKey.lastUsed = now;
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedAt = now;
-    // Intended to throttle the queue processor as otherwise it will just
-    // flood the API with requests and we want to wait a sec to see if we're
-    // going to get a rate limit error on this key.
-    selectedKey.rateLimitedUntil = now + KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
     return { ...selectedKey };
   }
 
@@ -186,4 +181,11 @@ export class GooglePalmKeyProvider implements KeyProvider<GooglePalmKey> {
   }
 
   public recheck() {}
+
+  public throttle(hash: string) {
+    const key = this.keys.find((k) => k.hash === hash)!;
+    const now = Date.now();
+    key.rateLimitedAt = now;
+    key.rateLimitedUntil = now + KEY_REUSE_DELAY;
+  }
 }